ILM AL-HÂL

63 AF’ÂL AL-MUKALLAFÎN Islâm has commanded and prohibited certain things for the Muslim male and female devotees who have reached the age of bulûgh (puberty) and who are of sound mind. These commands and prohibitions are called “Taklîf” and the Muslims who are charged with them are called the “Mukallaf”. The deeds which the Mukallafîn (responsible ones) are to fulfill or to refrain from are called “Af’âl Al- Mukallafîn” (the deeds of the responsible ones). Af’âl Al-Mukallafîn are eight in total: 1. Fardh: These are the ahkâm (rulings) which are established with definite proofs. They are of two kinds: a) Fardh Al-Ayn: These are the obligatory acts that are only fulfilled when performed individually. For instance, the five daily Salâh and fasting. b) Fardh Al-Kifâyah: These are the obligatory acts, the responsibility of which is lifted from the entire community when performed by some Muslims in that community, such as the Janâzah (funeral) Salâh and responding to salâm (greeting). If no Muslims fulfill such Farâidh (obligatory acts), then the whole community is liable. 2. Wâjib: These are the ahkâm (rulings) which are established with proofs, not as definite as is for the Fardh. For instance, Salâh Al-Witr and Salâh Al-Eidayn.